Campus Life

Campus Life this month is an excerpt about the conflict from Arthur J. Hope, C.S.C.'s Notre Dame 100 Years.

On Monday, the 19th,  [May , 1924] both Father Walsh and Father O'Donnell congratulated themselves on having been able to hold the students in check. But after the lights were out on Monday night, someone from South Bend put in a telephone call to the students' booth in Freshman Hall. A voice said: "Hurry. They've got so-and-so (naming some well known campus student) down here near the Court House, and they're beating him to death!" The student who answered the telephone, true to his instincts, let out a yell that aroused everyone. The excitement spread from one hall to another, and in less time than it takes to tell, the entire campus was running to town.

It was pointed out to the chief of police that had he firmly met the situation on Saturday, he might have prevented this fresh outbreak on Monday. Instead of making any serious effort to prevent Saturday's disorders, the police had been conspicuous by their absence. Now, however, with time to reflect, they had made up their minds to show the people "who was running this town." For that purpose, the sheriff, a well-known Klan partisan, had deputized a number of Klansmen, under the old "Horse-Thief" law.

Thus it happened that when the students began their demonstrations they met a force they had not expected. Saturday, it had been so easy, and so thrilling! Now, the deputies laid about them with clubs and bottles and there was many a cracked skull, bleeding face and bruised shin. In the midst of this furor, Father O'Donnell arrived and, with the chief of police, forced the students to listen to him. He enjoined them to cross the street and gather on the lawn of the Court House. Father Walsh was waiting for them, and he mounted the cannon and spoke to the students:

Whatever challenge may have been offered tonight to your patriotism, whatever insult may have been offered to your religion, you can show your loyalty to Notre Dame and to South Bend by ignoring all threats. The constituted authorities have only the desire to preserve order and peace and protect everyone. That is their duty. Others can well leave to their hands the maintenance of peace and the punishment of anything that is wrong. If tonight there have been violations of the law, it is not the duty of you and your companions to search out the offenders.

I know that in the midst of excitement, you are swayed by emotions that impel you to answer challenge with force. As I said in the statement issued last Saturday, a single injury to a Notre Dame student would be too great a price to pay for any deed or any program that concerned itself with antagonisms. I should dislike very much to be obliged to make explanations to the parents of any student who might be injured--even killed-in a disturbance that could arise out of any demonstration such as has been started tonight.

There is no loyalty that is greater than the patriotism of a Notre Dame student. There is no conception of duty higher than that which a Notre Dame man holds for his religion or his university. I know that if tonight any of the property of the university or any of its privileges were threatened, and I should call upon you, you would rise to a man to protect it. It is with the same loyalty to Notre Dame that I appeal to you to show your respect for South Bend and the authority of the city by dispersing.

Father Walsh, pointing a finger at the building in which the Klan had holed themselves up, said: "I know that if I told you boys to go back there and show the Klansmen of what stuff you are made, you would tear that building apart, leaving no stone upon a stone!" There was almost an instinctive surge toward the building, a movement which Father Walsh stopped in his next sentence. "But I know, too, that you have confidence enough in me, so that if I tell you to go back to the college, you will obey me, and you will leave to my judgment what is best to be done. And so, I tell you: Go back to the college!" With a roar, the students formed ranks and in columns of four, marched back to Notre Dame.

Father Walsh was made extremely uneasy by many anonymous letters and telephone calls. He was well aware that among the Klan members there were many whose threats were more than idle words. One postcard, enclosed in an envelope, told him that "he better keep his students to home, or there would be hot-lead waiting for them in South Bend." Another letter, from Winamac, a bit amusing now, but full of portent at the time it was written, said :

...You can thank your lucky stars that you have your buildings intack (sic ) , for if the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan assembled in South Bend last Saturday (May 17th) had been as lawless as your bunch of Anarchist students, they would have wiped the Notre Dame Buildings off the earth.

...You will see that the Klan will grow by leaps and bounds in and around South Bend. Your Mackerel Snapping hoodlums couldn't have done anything to help along the cause of the Klan any better. ...We showed you a few tricks at the recent Primary, now we are going to show you several more at the election in the Fall. I say down with Catholic dominition ( sic) of every kind in AMARICA ( sic) .

          Sincerely,
          A KLUXER.

There was never a night that the faculty at Notre Dame did not speculate on the possibility of some catastrophe overtaking them before morning. The grounds were patroled with a nervous sense of some impending danger. In the dark, every shadow was regarded with breath. less suspicion. Often, two would draw close together, each planning on how he might overpower the other, only to find themselves on the same side. There would be a suppressed chuckle, and each would go his way, eyes peeled for enemies. That this was no idle fear was well brought out years later when the Klan was being investigated. One Pat Emmons, who had been the Exalted Cyclops of the Valley Klan, No.53, testified in February, 1928, that at one of the meetings in 1924 a Klan member had volunteered to "blow up" Notre Dame if the Klan would but furnish him with the dynamite. Emmons said that he squelched the proposal. On that same occasion, Emmons confessed that of all the money collected in this vicinity between 1923 and 1927, ostensibly for charitable purposes, not a dime of it went to charity, but all of it to politics.

The crusade of hate finally exhausted itself. "Kluxer" became a term of opprobrium except in the most unenlightened circles. Almost everyone expressed indignation if it were suggested that he had been a member of the Klan. Without exception, former members blushed at their gullibility. Catholics, who had been waving the flag of tolerance for generations, learned the irony of their belief that "it can't happen here." If the action of the students that May day, 1924, did more, as was alleged, to bring an upsurge in favor of the Klan, it must be admitted that the Klan's actions achieved a great success in welding the Catholic Church into a strong and striking unit. At Notre Dame, too, the students and faculty grew closer. The whole episode forced everyone to reflect on the treasures of friendship and faith fostered on the campus.

 

Back to Irish Reveries